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Colour Temperature Reference

A visual guide to light sources and their Kelvin values. Use this to understand colour casts and choose appropriate film or filtration.

Colour temperature scale

Visual reference from warm (1800K) to cool (12000K). Colours are approximations — actual appearance varies with intensity and adaptation.

1800K3200K5500K7500K12000K
1,800K
Candle flame
Very warm, orange-red
2,400K
Incandescent bulb (40W)
Warm orange
2,700K
Incandescent bulb (60W)
Warm, typical household
2,850K
Incandescent bulb (100W)
Standard tungsten
3,000K
Sunrise/Sunset
Golden hour light
3,200K
Tungsten studio light
Tungsten film balanced
3,400K
Photoflood lamp
Type A film balanced
4,000K
Moonlight
Slightly cool
4,100K
Horizon daylight
Hour after sunrise/before sunset
5,000K
Midday sun (direct)
Neutral white
5,500K
Average daylight
Daylight film balanced
5,600K
Electronic flash
Typical speedlight
6,000K
Bright midday sun
Slightly cool
6,500K
Overcast sky
Cool, slightly blue
7,000K
Light shade
Blue cast
7,500K
Deep shade
Strong blue cast
8,000K
Hazy sky
Blue
9,000K
Heavy overcast
Very blue
10,000K
Blue sky (north)
Deep blue cast
12,000K
Clear blue sky
Very strong blue

Film stock white balance

Colour films are balanced for specific light sources

Film TypeBalanced ForNotes
Daylight film5500KStandard colour negative and slide films
Tungsten film3200KKodak Cinestill 800T, Ektachrome 160T
Type A film3400KPhotoflood balanced (largely discontinued)

Colour correction filters

Filters to convert between colour temperatures

FilterConvertsShiftDescription
80ADaylightTungsten-2300KBlue, strong cooling
80BDaylight~3400K-2100KBlue, moderate cooling
80CDaylight~3800K-1700KBlue, light cooling
85TungstenDaylight+2300KAmber, strong warming
85BTungstenDaylight+2300KAmber, standard conversion
85CTungsten~4500K+1300KAmber, light warming
FL-DDaylightFluorescentMagenta, fluorescent correction

Understanding colour temperature

Colour temperature describes the hue of a light source, measured in Kelvin (K). The scale is based on the colour a theoretical "black body" would emit when heated to that temperature.

Counter-intuitively, lower Kelvin values appear warmer (orange/red) and higher values appear cooler (blue). This is because:

  • A cooler physical temperature produces warm-coloured light (like a candle)
  • A hotter physical temperature produces cool-coloured light (like a blue star)

For film photography, matching your film's white balance to the ambient light produces neutral colours. Mismatches create colour casts — sometimes deliberately for creative effect.

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