20 Processes
Alternative Photographic Processes
Historical and contemporary methods for creating photographic prints by hand. From safe, beginner-friendly cyanotypes to the archival permanence of platinum.
Safety first
Alternative processes involve chemicals ranging from harmless to hazardous. Each guide includes safety information. Always wear gloves, work in ventilated areas, and follow proper disposal procedures.
Iron-Based Processes
Processes using light-sensitive iron salts
Van Dyke Brown
An iron-silver printing-out process producing warm brown tones reminiscent of Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck. Relatively simple chemistry with moderate archival permanence when toned.
Kallitype
Sometimes called "the poor man's platinum," kallitype is an iron-silver process capable of producing tonal qualities similar to platinum prints at lower cost. A develop-out process offering excellent tonal control.
Argyrotype
A modern iron-silver process developed by Dr. Mike Ware as a refined alternative to Van Dyke Brown. Produces warm brown tones with improved stability and archival permanence.
New Cyanotype
Dr. Mike Ware's reformulation of traditional cyanotype, offering faster exposure, higher Dmax, better highlight detail, and improved consistency. The modern standard for cyanotype printing.
Noble Metal Processes
Platinum, palladium, and gold-based printing
Platinum/Palladium
The pinnacle of photographic printing processes, producing exceptionally permanent images with unmatched tonal range. The Malde-Ware method modernises this classic process for contemporary practitioners.
Chrysotype
A gold-based printing process invented by Sir John Herschel, producing permanent purple-black images. Recently revived and refined by Dr. Mike Ware with modern formulations.
Ziatype
A palladium-based printing process developed by Richard Sullivan, combining the ease of kallitype with the permanence of palladium. Named after the Zia Pueblo sun symbol.
Silver Processes
Traditional silver-based printing methods
Salt Printing
The first paper-based photographic process, invented by William Henry Fox Talbot. Produces soft, matte images with warm brown tones and delicate highlight rendering.
Albumen Printing
The dominant photographic printing process from 1855 to 1895, using egg white as a binder. Produces rich purple-brown tones with exceptional detail and a characteristic glossy surface.
Mordançage
A destructive alternative process where silver gelatin prints are bleached, causing shadows to lift and veil. Creates surreal, dreamlike images with distinctive texture.
Colloid Processes
Gelatin and gum-based pigment processes
Carbon Transfer
Among the most permanent photographs possible, using pigmented gelatin rather than metallic silver. Rich blacks, visible relief in shadows, and any colour possible through pigment choice.
Gum Bichromate
A favourite of pictorialist photographers for its painterly qualities and ease of manipulation. Any colour possible through watercolour pigments, with buildable density through multiple layers.
Wet Plate Collodion
The dominant photographic process from the 1850s through 1880s. Produces negatives or direct positives (ambrotypes, tintypes) with extraordinary detail and a distinctive aesthetic.
Bromoil
A pigment-based process where conventional silver gelatin prints are bleached and inked by hand. Allows painterly control and manipulation impossible with straight photography.
Oil Printing
A pigment process using dichromated gelatin sensitised on paper, then inked with lithographic ink. The precursor to bromoil, offering similar painterly control.
Camera-less & Experimental
Photographic experiments without a camera
Anthotypes
Camera-less images created using plant pigments that bleach under light exposure. Completely non-toxic and suitable for all ages, though images are not permanent.
Lumen Prints
A contemporary camera-less process using conventional photographic paper exposed to direct sunlight without development. Creates unexpected colours and unique, ethereal results.
Chemigrams
Abstract images created through the interaction of photographic chemistry and various resists, without camera or enlarger, in full room light. The intersection of photography and painting.
Historical Processes
Foundational processes from photography's early days